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Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH
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GPS Projekt Marmara / Christian Straub (1992)
Titre : GPS Projekt Marmara : report of the second campaign, August - September 1992 Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : Christian Straub, Auteur ; Hans-Gert Kahle, Auteur ; A. Aksoy, Auteur ; R. Deniz, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 1992 Collection : IGP Reports num. 208 Importance : 49 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906513-23-2 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] campagne GPS
[Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] Marmara, mer de
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] tectonique des plaques
[Termes IGN] TurquieIndex. décimale : 30.82 Applications géophysiques de géodésie spatiale Numéro de notice : 18448 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41512 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18448-01 30.82 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible
Titre : Multiphoto geometrically constrained matching Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Emmanuel P. Baltsavias, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 1991 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 049 Importance : 221 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906513-01-0 Note générale : Bibliographie
Doctoral Thesis, ETH Zurich, 1991Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes IGN] appariement d'images
[Termes IGN] appariement géométrique
[Termes IGN] points homologues
[Termes IGN] prise de vuesIndex. décimale : 33.30 Photogrammétrie numérique Résumé : (auteur) One of the central problems in digital photogrammetry, Computer and machine vision is the problem of automatically finding corresponding features in different images. Correspondence is necessary for 2-D and 3-D measurements and very often a prerequisite for object detection, Classification and identification. Although research for more than three decades has been devoted to this problem, a fully automated, precise and reliable image matching method, able to adapt to different image and scene Contents, does not exist yet. The aim of this research was to improve matching in the above aspects by developing and examining the Performance and applicability of a new algorithm called Multiphoto Geometrically Constrained Matching (MPGC). MPGC is an extension of Least Squares Matching (LSM), which is an area-based matching method establishing a fit between small image patches by an affine geometric and a
two parameter linear radiometric transformation. MPGC considerably improves LSM by using two new elements: (i) the exploitation of any a priori known geometric information to constrain the Solution and (ii) the simultaneous use of any number (more than two) of
images. These elements reduce the search space (conditional 1-D search), improve the accuracy and especially the success rate and reliability of matching. The mathematical model of the algorithm is formulated in terms of a combined least Squares adjustment. The
Observation equations consist of the equations formulating the grey level matching and those that express the geometric constraints, the two parts being related to each other through common unknown parameters. The geometric constraints that have been used in this
research are the collinearity conditions extended by additional parameters modelling systematic errors, assuming that the interior and exterior orientation of the sensors are known. Thus, MPGC permits a simultaneous determination of pixel and object coordinates.
Additionally, through the connection of image and object space, any number of images can be simultaneously accommodated. Two measurement modes were analysed: determination of X, Y, Z object coordinates (match points are fixed in one reference (template) image), and determination of Z over fixed X, Y object coordinates (match point position must be estimated in all images). For greater flexibility the geometric constraints are treated as weighted Observation equations and not as strict conditions. The radiometric parameters are not included in the mathematical model; instead to increase flexibility and speed, radiometric corrections are applied during the iterations. As an alternative, it is proposed to use a Wallis filter for a radiometric equalisation of the images before matching. The Wallis filter has also been used to enhance contrast, high contrast being necessary for accurate matching. Emphasis has been placed on three aspects of the algorithm. Since MPGC is based on a nonlinear least Squares estimation, it requires the knowledge of reasonably precise approximations. After a theoretical analysis of the required quality of the approximations, a method to derive the approximations by a image pyramid based (coarse-to-fine) approach is presented. Different kerneis for the pyramid generation are compared, problems occuring at image borders are treated, geometric relations between pyramid levels are derived and criteria
for the choice of appropriate matching parameters at each level are proposed. The image pyramid approach, in addition to being an efficient way to derive approximate values, increases the convergence radius (in practical tests parallaxes up to 70 pixels have been
handled), convergence rate and computational speed, and can be exploited for a better quality control and self-adaptivity of the algorithm. Without the image pyramid, convergence has been achieved, in some cases, for errors in the approximate values of up to 10-20 pixels, but optimally these approximate values should be 1 pixel accurate. A critical question for surface measurement is the choice of points which should be measured. These points must be characteristic points of the surface but also well determinable. The proposed strategy consists of choosing good match points in the reference image and matching them in all pyramid levels. Points which are considered good lie on edges vertical to the geometric constraint line. They are derived by a direction selective interest Operator using the first and/or the second intensity derivatives. The operator's parameters can be adapted so that the selection of "noisy" pixels is reduced and the required density of selected points is fulfüled. Methods to ensure the existence of the selected points in all pyramid levels are proposed. Thus, MPGC is a combination of area-based and feature-based, especially edge-based, matching. The third major aspect of the investigations is the quality evaluation of the results, the detection of gross errors and the automatic adaptation of the algorithm to different image contents and object surfaces. This aspect includes measures to express the achieved precision, methods for the automatic detection of Wunders and Observation errors, different tests to check the determinability and the significance of the shaping parameters, and ways of automatically adapting the image patch size to the signal content and object surface. The blunder detection test involves checking each individual object point ray based on a combination of criteria, whose thresholds are adapted to the processed image. Many practical accuracy studies, referring to a comparison of accuracy and precision and the amount of detected and undetected Wunders, are presented. The theoretical precision of the shifts, in the
case of good targets, typically is 0.01 - 0.05 pixels. The achieved accuracy was for good planar targets 0.2 - 1 um, for signalised or good natural points 2-3 (im, and for natural points on general surfaces 10 - 15 p.m. whereby the pixel spacing was typically 10 um. In the performed tests, the matching accuracy was generally similar to the accuracy of manual measurements; in certain cases the matching accuracy was even higher than the manual one. The percentage of blunders automatically detected by MPGC varied from 5% - 25% of the total number of points, depending on the image content and object surface. The percentage of undetected Wunders was 1% - 3% of the points accepted by MPGC as being correct, thus comparable to the error rate of a human Operator. Further, it is shown how MPGC can reduce problems like multiple Solutions, occlusions, discontinuities and radiometric distortions in comparison to other algorithms. Finally, methods for the reduction of oscillations and divergence problems and computational aspects are treated. Different applications and tests are presented.Numéro de notice : 60397 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Doctoral Thesis : Science : Zurich : 1991 DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-000617558 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000617558 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=60744 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 60397-01 33.30 Livre Centre de documentation Photogrammétrie - Lasergrammétrie Disponible 60397-02 THESE Livre Centre de documentation Thèses Disponible Control networks, large scale mapping, legal surveys, cadastre, land property registration, land information systems around the world / Herbert Jakob Matthias (1990)
Titre : Control networks, large scale mapping, legal surveys, cadastre, land property registration, land information systems around the world : an international inquiry in all FIG-countries Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Herbert Jakob Matthias, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 1990 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 046 Importance : 97 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cadastre étranger
[Termes IGN] cadastre étranger
[Termes IGN] enregistrement immobilier
[Termes IGN] grande échelle
[Termes IGN] plan cadastral
[Termes IGN] système d'information foncièreNuméro de notice : 68884 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/baug/igp/igp-dam/documents/PhD [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39214 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 68884-01 36.10 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible Die Klotoide in der horizontalen Trassierungslinie : Verallgemeinerung der Trassierungsaufgabe mit einer Realisierung / Alajos Peter Krasnai (1989)
Titre : Die Klotoide in der horizontalen Trassierungslinie : Verallgemeinerung der Trassierungsaufgabe mit einer Realisierung Titre original : [La clothoïde dans les lignes horizontales de trace, généralisation du problème de traçage avec sa réalisation] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Alajos Peter Krasnai, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 1989 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 045 Importance : 95 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie numérique
[Termes IGN] alignement
[Termes IGN] géométrie différentielle
[Termes IGN] objet géographique linéaire
[Termes IGN] réseau ferroviaire
[Termes IGN] réseau géodésique tridimensionnel
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Termes IGN] système non linéaire
[Termes IGN] tracé automatiqueRésumé : (Auteur) In the planning of railway alignment lines there are problems of economical, dynamical and geometrical nature which must be solved. The scope of the present work is confined to the pure geometrical problems. For solving these, the methods that numerically imitate solving the problems with compass, straight-edge and spiral-ruler were refused, because the number of possible cases is too large to solve in an adequate time. To generalize and standardize, the methods of solving the geometrically possible problems concerned the alignment will be referred to as differential geometry. Starting from the natural equations of alignment elements (straight-lines, circles and spirals) through the choosing of the coefficients of integration, these elements will be embedded in the geodetic coordinate system. The restrictions of this embedding guided the author to the following principles, which have made it possible to generalize and standardize the pure geometrically problems of alignments:
Each alignment element will be presented parametrically and the parameters will be regarded as unknown variables in the corresponding equations.
The reality that the alignment line is a continuous sequence of alignment elements will be formulated by contact equations.
All items that are known for the planning surveyors in the geometric task can be put in an explicit form of equations - as conditions -expressed by the unknown parameters and by the given items.
Provided that the items are independent, the prepared equations are independent also. In the case that the items are dependent, new equations must be made up by means of the introduction of new unknown variables.
The system of nonlinear equations can be handled by the introduction of characteristic variables for the unknown parameters and of an index table for the equations.
Based on these principles, the numerical tools were established systematically. These tools guided the author to different types of tasks of constructions. There are tasks containing only one alignment element independent of other elements, and tasks concerning the alignment as a collection of alignment elements. The computer program LINPRO was developed by the Swiss Federal Railways observing special conventions. In this implementation the generated system of nonlinear equations are solved by means of various methods based on the theorem of fixed point of iteration. For the derivation of a point needed by this theorem, the given geometric items were primarily used, and secondarily, formulas derived from the dynamic of motions of trains. As an expansion of the current computer program, an interactive graphic system for developing horizontal alignment lines for the railways will be proposed. A three dimensional network with curved lines will be discussed as a further possible application of the elaborated principles.Numéro de notice : 27832 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-000502186 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000502186 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=56455 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 27832-02 39.20 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible 27832-01 39.20 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible Interaktion mit raumbezogenen Informationssystemen vom Konstruiren zum Editieren geometrischer Modelle / Werner Kuhn (1989)
Titre : Interaktion mit raumbezogenen Informationssystemen vom Konstruiren zum Editieren geometrischer Modelle Titre original : [Interaction avec les Systèmes d'Information Géographique : de la construction à l'édition de modèles géométriques] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Werner Kuhn, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 1989 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 044 Importance : 90 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] compensation par moindres carrés
[Termes IGN] contrainte géométrique
[Termes IGN] géométrie différentielle
[Termes IGN] incertitude géométrique
[Termes IGN] interface utilisateur
[Termes IGN] modèle géométrique
[Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) The thesis treats human-computer interaction during the acquisition of geometric data in spatial information systems. It proposes to design user interfaces for geometric construction tasks as constraint-based editors for geometric models, rather than geometric construction systems. In order to determine the requirements for an interactive treatment of geometric construction tasks, the thesis begins with an analysis of practical tasks and solution methods. An investigation of phases and languages for problem solving reveals two fundamental possibilities for the allocation of subtasks and the communication between users and system:
The users develop and describe solutions as sequences of construction steps which the system executes.This computer aided geometric constructing reflects an automation of manual procedures.
The users describe tasks by geometric constraints which the system tries to satisfy. The descriptions of construction tasks represent geometric models which can subsequently be edited.
The means for the description of geometric models by constraints are developed in three steps: First, differential geometry is used to determine the elementary properties and relationships sufficient to express general geometric constraints. Then, formal logic serves to define a high-level language for the specification of constraints in geometric terminology. Finally, an interaction language is designed in which users can sketch geometric models and refine these by logic formulas. A least squares adjustment is proposed to solve the systems of equations representing geometric constraints. This allows for treating under- and over-constrained situations as well as uncertainty in constraints. The sketched geometric models provide the necessary approximate solutions.Numéro de notice : 27833 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-000577972 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000577972 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=56456 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 27833-02 37.30 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 27833-01 37.30 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkDas photogrammetrische Zweibildmodell als Spezialfall eines Mess-Netzwerkes / Hansjürg Zollinger (1985)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkGenauigkeitsuntersuchungen an Stern- und Satellitenpositionsbestimmungen mit einer Schmidt-kamera / Marco Leupin (1972)Permalink