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Titre : Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulations Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : N.D. Haasbroek, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 1968 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Green series num. 14 Importance : 119 p. Format : 20 x 28 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie ancienne
[Termes IGN] Brahé, Tycho
[Termes IGN] Pays-Bas
[Termes IGN] Snell, Willebrord
[Termes IGN] triangulation d'autres paysIndex. décimale : 30.01 Géodésie ancienne (postérieure à 1939 et en bon état) Résumé : (auteur) In the past few years several papers in the Dutch language have been published on the triangulation of the Dutchman Snellius (Willebrord Snel van Royen, 1580 - 1626). It seems to be justified to bring these papers in a somewhat different form and in the English language to the attention of a greater number of readers and to have preceded the description of Snellius' work by an examination of triangulations or ideas about triangulations published before 1615.
In the German translation of G. Perrier: Petite histoire de la géodésie the translator Gigas, writing on Snellius' triangulation, says, that, as in so many cases, an important discovery was made rather simultaneously and independent of each other by different people. He refers also to the report of the Baltic Geodetic Commission on the year 1930, on page 45 of which report the then president, the Dane Nørlund, makes some remarks on the history of geodetic and cartographic activities in Denmark. In the years 1578 - 1579 the famous Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546 - 1601) carried out a triangulation, which, according to his intention, was to be the basis of a map of the whole kingdom of Denmark.
Neither Gigas nor Nørlund, however, makes mention of a very remarkable publication of a triangulation, inserted already since 1533 in the second and following prints of Cosmographia Petri Apiani by the Dutch geographer Gemma Frisius (1508 - 1555). Already in 1889 Van der Plaats refers to this publication as does Van Ortroy in a very elaborate and excellently documented book concerning Gemma and Schmidt in his well-known Geschichte der geodätischen Instrumente. Recently it was mentioned by Koopmans in the Dutch periodical Geodesia.
Further on in this paper it will be shown that Tycho Brahe knew Gemma's scientific work and that Snellius visited Tycho in Prague in 1600 or 1601. The exchange of scientific ideas at that occasion makes it doubtful to me whether Gigas is right in his supposing independence of their inventions of the art of triangulation.
In my opinion it is obvious that Tycho Brahe borrowed his rather primitive triangulation from Gemma's ideas and that Snellius could realize his famous meridian chain thanks to Tycho's work and Gemma's publication which must have been known to him.Note de contenu : 1. Introduction
2. - 10. Gemma Frisius (1508 -1555)
11. - 27. Tycho Brahe (1546 -1601)
28. - 50. Willebrord Snel van Royen (Snellius) (1580 - 1626)Numéro de notice : 44942 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/14Haasbroek.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=58258 Exemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 44942-01 30.01 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible 44942-02 30.01 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible
Titre : A testing procedure for use in geodetic networks Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : W. Baarda, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 1968 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy Sous-collection : New series num. 9 Importance : 98 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes de référence et réseaux
[Termes IGN] contrôle
[Termes IGN] réseau géodésiqueIndex. décimale : 30.10 Systèmes de référence et réseaux géodésiques Résumé : (auteur) In this paper an outline for the continuation of the work in I.A.G. Special Study Group No. 1.14 is given, based on the paper "Statistical Concepts in Geodesy". As a first step, a testing procedure for geodetic networks is discussed, using one-sided F-tests; a definition of the concept "reliability of geodetic networks" is proposed.
1. The testing procedure is a part of the so-called unlinking of the computing model and consequently a part of the prediction. This new theory was developed to obtain a clearer line of thought in testing and to overcome existing confusion by pointing out the interconnection of consequences. The theory is as much as possible connected to current methods; the purpose was to find a theory applicable in practice.
2. For geodetic networks it is important to have the possibility to make checks soon after completion of the measurements in order to make partial remeasurements possible while towers and signals are still standing. Remeasurement shortly afterwards, even remeasuring slightly too much, will in the long run prove to be cheaper than hidden {gross} errors. The latter will often lead to strong local distortion of the network and render difficult the effective control of densification measurements or possibly even prevent that the objectives of such measurements are attained.
3. Because of the random character of observations it is impossible to signalize {gross} errors with certainty. At the best only statements having a certain probability of success, can be made. The order of magnitude of this probability βo, has to be agreed upon; it is one of the parameters in the theory. βo leads to a lower bound for the order of magnitude of a function λo of gross errors which can just be signalized by a test; λo is determined by one specified alternative hypothesis, provided that a second parameter is fixed. Multidimensional tests are reduced to a one-dimensional test via this particular alternative hypothesis. The second parameter then is the significance level αo of this one-dimensional test. The significance level α of a b-dimensional test is then dependent on b, if in combination with the same βo the same bound for the signalization of errors λo is required. This leads, on the one hand, to the designed testing procedure, and on the other hand to the definition of the "reliability of geodetic networks".
4. Planning the precision as well as the reliability of geodetic networks requires a quantification of the demands following from the purpose of the network. This quantification is the most difficult problem and it is certainly not solved yet. In view of the difficulty of foreseeing future applications of the network, it is questionable whether more than the formulation of partial or relative purposes and their quantifications can ever be attained. It will be necessary to come to a conclusion in order to make a justified choice of values {αo, βo}, possibly by applying the decision theory approach.
5. Methods for "data-snooping" follow from the reasoning developed. Connections with publications by Bjerhammer are given, whereas a comparison is made with related problems from mathematical statistics.
6. The reasoning is generally applicable and need not be restricted to geodetic networks.
It can also be applied when arbitrary distribution functions are used, possibly along with F-statistics, provided the power function of the tests can be computed. In this paper only the method using F-distributions has been worked out.Numéro de notice : 44943 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport d'étude technique DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/09Baarda.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=58259 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 44943-01 30.10 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible
Titre : Statistical concepts in geodesy Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : W. Baarda, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 1967 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy Sous-collection : New series num. 8 Importance : 80 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] statistique mathématique
[Termes IGN] théorie des erreursIndex. décimale : 30.04 Mathématiques appliquées à la géodésie Résumé : (auteur) Preface - In this paper the starting point is formed by some elementary applications of statistical methods to geodetic adjustment problems. In its line of thought the paper is connected to earlier publications, such as [Baarda 1960, 62]. An indication is given of some difficulties of principle which are inherent in these applications, and which often make the value of tests illusory. This leads to what the author in recent years has come to consider as the central problem of geodesy, viz. the introduction (linking-up) of mathematical models for the description of measured quantities and their relations, including the possibility of choice between different but related models.
These thoughts have been directive for the design of several new geodetic theories, one of which, the so-called 'polygon theory in the complex plane' is now nearly complete both from a theoretical and practical point of view. An impression of this theory has been given in the paper 'A Generalization of the Concept Strength of Figure', which was written in 1962 for the I.A.G. Special Study Group No. l: 14, now included as an appendix. This paper also gives an impression of the possibilities (and difficulties) of a quantification of the objectives of geodesy. Other aspects of this theory are treated by Krijger [1966]. Mention should be made of a different approach to these problems, which is based on decision theory and of which Alberda [1966] gives an outline. An interesting problem for the years to come will be to find the line of thought connecting these approaches. The author is much indebted to Ir. J.E. Alberda for his translation of the manuscript and for his stimulating remarks in discussing the underlying theory.Numéro de notice : 44188 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport de recherche DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/08Baarda.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=58165 Exemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 44188-01 30.04 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible 44188-02 30.04 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible Selection of stars for the determination of time, azimuth and Laplace quantity by meridian transits / R. Roelofs (1966)
Titre : Selection of stars for the determination of time, azimuth and Laplace quantity by meridian transits Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : R. Roelofs, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 1966 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy Sous-collection : New series num. 6 Importance : 35 p. Format : 21 x 27 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Astronomie fondamentale
[Termes IGN] étoile
[Termes IGN] fuseau horaireIndex. décimale : 31.10 Astronomie fondamentale Résumé : (auteur) A procedure is described and diagrams are given for selecting the most favourable stars for the determination of local time by observing their meridian transits. It is assumed that for the observations and computations the suggestions given in the International Geophysical Year's "Instruction Manual VIII, Longitude and Latitude", are followed. Numéro de notice : 61774 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport de recherche DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/06Roelofs.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=60986 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 61774-01 31.10 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible
Titre : Simultaneous determination of latitude, longitude and azimuth by horizontal directions at the sun Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : G.J. Husti, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 1966 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy Sous-collection : New series num. 7 Importance : 20 p. Format : 21 x 27 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Astronomie fondamentale Index. décimale : 31.10 Astronomie fondamentale Résumé : (auteur) In this paper the investigation of the method of simultaneous determination of latitude, longitude and azimuth by horizontal directions at the sun, as described in [R. Roelofs, Simultaneous Determination of Latitude, Longitude and Azimuth by Horizontal Directions at the Sun], is continued and amended in some respects. The sun's altitude at observations is restricted between 15" and 60, a numerical adjustment applying different weights is assumed and in addition to the accuracy of the quantities mentioned, that of the Laplace quantity has been studied as well. The results obtained are represented in a number of diagrams. Numéro de notice : 61766 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport de recherche DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/07Husti.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=60981 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 61766-01 31.10 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalink
