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Methods to improve and evaluate spatial data infrastructures / Ara Toomanian (2012)  

Public Titre : Methods to improve and evaluate spatial data infrastructures Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Ara Toomanian, Auteur Editeur : Lund [Suède] : Lund University Année de publication : 2012 Importance : 200 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-91-85793-26-6 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] données localisées [Termes IGN] entrepôt de données localisées [Termes IGN] géoportail [Termes IGN] INSPIRE [Termes IGN] partage de données localisées [Termes IGN] sémiologie graphique [Termes IGN] service web géographique [Termes IGN] service web sémantique Index. décimale : 37.00 Géomatique - information géographique - infrastructure de données Résumé : (auteur) This thesis mainly focuses on methods for improving and evaluating Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). The aim has been threefold: to develop a framework for the management and evaluation of an SDI, to improve the accessibility of spatial data in an SDI, and to improve the cartography in view services in an SDI. Spatial Data Infrastructure has been identified as an umbrella covering spatial data handling procedures. The long - term implementation of SDI increases the need for short/middle term feedbacks from different perspectives. Thus, a precise strategic plan and accurate objectives have to be defined for the implementation of an efficient environment for spatial data collection and exchange in a region. In this thesis, a comprehensive study was conducted to review the current methods in the business management literature to approach to an integrated framework for the implementation and evaluation of SDIs. In this context, four techniques were described and the usability of each technique in several aspects of SDI implementation was discussed. SDI evaluation has been considered as one of the main challenges in recent years. Lack of a general goal oriented framework to assess an SDI from different perspectives was one of the main concerns of this thesis. Among a number of the current methods in this research area, we focused on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a general evaluation framework covering all perspectives in an SDI. The assessment study opened a window to a number of important issues that ranged from the technical to the cartographic aspects of spatial data exchange in an SDI. To access the required datasets in an SDI, clearinghouse networks have been developed as a gateway to the data repositories. However, traditional clearinghouse networks do not satisfy the end user requirements. By adding a number of functionalities, we proposed a methodology to increase the percentage of accessing required data. These methods were based on predefined rules and additional procedures within web processing services and service composition subjects to develop an expert system based clearinghouses. From the cartography viewpoint, current methods for spatial data presentation do not satisfy the user requirements in an SDI environment. The main presentation problem occurs when spatial data are integrated from different sources. For appropriate cartography, we propose a number of methods, such as the polygon overlay method, which is an icon placement approach, to emphasize the more important layers and the color saturation method to decrease the color saturation of the un important layers and emphasize the foreground layer according to the visual hierarchy concept. Another cartographic challenge is the geometrical and topological conflicts in data shown in view services. The geometrical inconsistency is due to the artificial discrepancy that occurs when displaying connected information from different sources, which is caused by inaccuracies and different level s of details in the datasets. The semantic conflict is related to the definition of the related features, i.e., to the information models of the datasets. To overcome these conflicts and to fix the topological and geometric conflicts we use a semantic based expert system by utilizing an automatic cartography core containing a semantic rule based component. We proposed a system architecture that has an OWL (Web Ontology Language) base d expert system to improve the cartography by adjusting and resolving topological and geometrical conflicts in geoportals. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction Numéro de notice : 21323 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Doctoral thesis : Physical Geography : Lund University : 2012 Organisme de stage : Centre for Geographical Information Systems En ligne : http://portal.research.lu.se/portal/en/publications/methods-to-improve-and-evalu [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89992

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Cartographic aspects of geoportals / Lars Harrie (2009) 

Public Titre : Cartographic aspects of geoportals Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Lars Harrie, Auteur ; Sébastien Mustière , Auteur ; Heiner Stuckenschmidt, Auteur ; Hanna Stigmar, Auteur Editeur : Lund [Suède] : Lund University Année de publication : 2009 Conférence : COSIT 2009, Workshop on Presenting Spatial Information 22/09/2009 Aber Wrac'h France Importance : 12 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] conflation [Termes IGN] géoportail [Termes IGN] lisibilité optique [Termes IGN] lisibilité perceptive [Termes IGN] sémiologie graphique [Termes IGN] service web géographique Résumé : (auteur) Following the Inspire directive, several countries are now setting up geoportals. This paper focuses on the cartographic issues raised by view services in these geoportals. The problem with view services, from a cartographic perspective, is the absence of the traditional cartographer who optimizes the presentation of the cartographic data. In order to enhance the readability of the maps automatic methods should be used. The paper presents four types of methods for improving the readability: semantic, conflation generalization and symbolization methods, as well as some ideas of how the technical implementation of these methods could be performed. Numéro de notice : C2009-060 Affiliation des auteurs : COGIT+Ext (1988-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Communication nature-HAL : ComSansActesPubliés-Unpublished DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101996

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An optimisation approach to cartographic generalisation / Lars Harrie (2001)

Public Titre : An optimisation approach to cartographic generalisation : doctoral thesis Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Lars Harrie, Auteur Editeur : Lund [Suède] : Lund University Année de publication : 2001 Importance : 196 p. Format : 16 x 23 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-91-628-4652-7 Note générale : bibliographie Doctoral thesis Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] base de données orientée objet [Termes IGN] contrainte de cohérence [Termes IGN] contrainte géométrique [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] méthode des moindres carrés [Termes IGN] mise à jour de base de données [Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques) [Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes [Termes IGN] représentation multiple [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Index. décimale : 37.70 Généralisation Résumé : (auteur) Cartographic generalisation is the process of simplifying a representation to suit the scale and purpose of a map. As such, generalisation has always been a central part in map production. This thesis is a contribution to the ongoing work on automating cartographic generalisation. Two topics are treated: optimisation methods in graphic generalisation, and propagation of updates between cartographic data sets of different scales. To enable an optimisation approach to graphic generalisation several topics are studied. Firstly, requirements are stated for defining a good map. These requirements can act as constraints and control the graphic generalisation process. In this thesis, ten analytical constraints for graphic generalisation are proposed, some for single objects and some for groups of objects. Rules are also established regarding when these constraints should be set up. Secondly, the least-squares method is studied as an approach to finding the optimal solution according to the constraints. Related to this, weighting strategies for the constraints are also discussed. Thirdly, computationally efficient methods are tested, which are especially important for establishing spatial relationships between objects and solving the large normal equation systems. Finally, the optimisation approach has been evaluated visually and quantitatively in mid-scale applications. Mapping organisations have to maintain cartographic data sets of different scales (resolutions). Ideally, mapping organisations should only be concerned with updating the most detailed data set and the updates should automatically be propagated to all other data sets. In this study, a prototype system was created for automatic propagation of updates. This system is integrated in an object-oriented map production software, in which the data sets are stored in a multiple representation database. The rules implemented in the prototype system were gathered from data set specifications and by studying printed map series. The propagation of updates performed by the prototype system was compared with manual propagation performed by a cartographer. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction 2- Cartographic generalisation concepts 3- Spatial concepts 4- Review of generalisation research 5- Summary of the papers Numéro de notice : 17192 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Doctoral thesis : Surveying : Lund University : 2001 Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81159

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Generalisation methods for propagating updates between cartographic data sets / Lars Harrie (1998)

Public Titre : Generalisation methods for propagating updates between cartographic data sets : Licentiate thesis Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Lars Harrie, Auteur Editeur : Lund [Suède] : Lund University Année de publication : 1998 Importance : 127 p. Format : 15 x 21 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-91-630-7502-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Licentiate thesis Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] algorithme de Douglas-Peucker [Termes IGN] B-Spline [Termes IGN] filtre de Gauss [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique [Termes IGN] Lamps2 [Termes IGN] modèle (conceptuel) de généralisation [Termes IGN] opérateur de généralisation [Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes [Termes IGN] prototype [Termes IGN] relation topologique [Termes IGN] représentation multiple [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Index. décimale : 37.70 Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) Automation is increasingly important in producing and maintaining cartographic data sets. This thesis deals with automatic methods to propagate updates between cartographic data sets. The major idea is to update only the most detailed data set (master data set) and then propagate these updates automatically to less detailed data sets (target data sets). The approach used is firstly to formulate linguistic rules for the update process. The information sources for these linguistic rules are data set specifications, cartographic data sets, paper maps and practising cartographers. These linguistic rules are translated into logical rules and then implemented in a prototype system. The prototype system is built on top of an object-oriented map production software. The system requires a multiple representation database, which consists of cartographic data sets at different scales together with connectivities between those objects that refer to the same physical entities. The prototype system is built on a conceptual framework of four steps: examination, propagation, generalisation of updates and solving spatial conflicts. The aim of the examination step is to determine which object should be created, modified or deleted in the target data set. The action is dependent on the current status of the target data set and the properties of the update to the master data set. The propagation step executes the outcome of the examination step. Furthermore, this step validates the updates and maintains the integrity of the multiple representation databas6. In the next step — generalisation of updates — the new or modified object in the target data set is generalised to suit the scale of the target data set. The final step treats spatial conflicts due to the update. A new method is proposed for solving spatial conflicts, called the constraint method, which is a generic method that resembles manual generalisation on a conceptual level. Note de contenu : 1 - Cartographic concepts 2 - Spatial concepts 3 - Previous work on generalisation 4 - The constraint method 5 - Prototype system of incremental generalisation 6 - Discussion and concluding remarks Numéro de notice : 21509 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Mémoire licence Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90349

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