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Titre : Inverse Procedural Modelling and Applications Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Julien Weissenberg, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2014 Note générale : bibliographie
Diss., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zürich, Nr. 22224Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications photogrammétriques
[Termes IGN] algorithme génétique
[Termes IGN] architecture
[Termes IGN] façade
[Termes IGN] formalisation
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D de l'espace urbain
[Termes IGN] reconnaissance de formes
[Termes IGN] reconstruction 3D du bâti
[Termes IGN] simulation de surface
[Termes IGN] templeIndex. décimale : 33.60 Applications photogrammétriques - usage combiné de la photogrammétrie et de la lasergrammétrie Résumé : (auteur) Les architectes, tout comme l’industrie du cinéma et du jeu vidéo, ou encore les cartographes et urbanistes, ont besoin de modèles de villes sémantiques et détaillés. Si la modélisation procédurale a rendu la synthèse d’une ville virtuelle bien plus facile, la modélisation d’une ville existante reste un défi. En modélisation procédurale, un bâtiment est défini par une procédure, qui affine progressivement un bloc de départ. Nous traitons dans cette thèse d’un ensemble de méthodes pour automatiquement déterminer les règles et leurs paramètres à partir de photos. Tout d’abord, nous présentons les applications et défis liés la modélisation urbaine. Les grammaires formelles ont ouvert la voie à la synthèse de mégalopoles virtuelles ou encore de simulations urbaines précises. Nous présentons les grammaires de formes et expliquons comment les utiliser pour décrire un bâtiment. Néanmoins, lorsqu’il s’agit de représenter des villes existantes, le travail reste en grande partie manuel. La détection du style et l’extraction des façades constituent les premières étapes vers une automatisation. Ensuite, il faut distinguer deux cas. Dans le premier, un ensemble de règles est prédéfini et sert améliorer les détections des éléments architecturaux. Dans le second, les règles sont déterminées automatiquement à partir d’images de façades. Dans le premier cas, les règles sont un outil puissant pour la reconstruction 3D. Plus précisement, le but est de trouver les paramètres d’une grammaire pour une structure de bâtiment donnée. Les règles permettent de restreindre l’optimisation et ainsi de déterminer des paramètres difficiles à détecter à partir des observations. Une étude de cas sur les temples doriques montre comment les règles permettent de tirer parti d’une reconstruction 3D et des détections pour restaurer automatiquement les ruines. Néanmoins, la disponibilité de règles relève de l’exception. En fait, les architectes transgressent systématiquement les règles qu’ils établissent. De plus, il faut tenir compte du panel de styles et du grand nombre de bâtiments à reconstruire. Par conséquent, l’automatisation pour la reconstruction à grande échelle passe par la création automatique de telles règles. Nous présentons une méthode pour ce faire. De plus, nous montrons l’utilité de ces règles afin de compresser, comparer et synthétiser des façades. Au-delà de la création d’outils pour la reconstruction de villes, cette thèse porte sur la logique même de l’architecture. Enfin, il s’agit d’une opportunité d’analyser les relations entre sens et langage. Numéro de notice : 14915 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD : Geosciences : ETH Zurich : 2014 En ligne : http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/view/eth:47219 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=76897 Mapping literature : spatial data modelling and automated cartographic visualisation of fictional spaces / Anne-Kathrin Weber (2014)
Titre : Mapping literature : spatial data modelling and automated cartographic visualisation of fictional spaces Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Anne-Kathrin Weber, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2014 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 21530 Note générale : bibliographie
A dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich for the degree of doctor of sciencesLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] géovisualisation
[Termes IGN] incertitude géométrique
[Termes IGN] littérature
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] représentation cartographique
[Vedettes matières IGN] GéovisualisationIndex. décimale : 37.60 Géovisualisation Résumé : (auteur) Mapping literature addresses the issue of spatial analysis and visualisation of fictional, narrated spaces. Compared to the geography and phenomena of the ‘real world’, the ‘fictional world’ is distinguished by a fragmentary existence with vague boundaries and spaces that are often hard to localise, if at all. Furthermore, not only such spaces highly vary in size and detail, but they can also be transformed and remodelled by the author and can be linked to any time period. So far, literary scholars have tried to create maps with their own limited resources to analyse and explain where fiction is set and why there. However, a concise theory and convincing instruments to acquire and visualise this specific kind of geography is still lacking.
This thesis devotes to the issue of how to structure and visualise literary spaces with the help of cartographic means. This work originates from the interdisciplinary project “A literary Atlas of Europe” initiated by and in close cooperation with experts of the literary studies researching the geography of literature. The main objectives are the development of a generally applicable data model for spaces of narrative, fictional literature such as novels, novellas or legends, including a system where data can be collected and geocoded. Furthermore, this work strives for adequate cartographic visualisation of uncertain, fragmentary literary spaces, which visually meet the requirements of the aforementioned inherent rules.
The resulting spatial data model distinguishes four main categories of fictional spaces. The classification is done from the view point of the book’s characters: first, places where characters are present and acting (settings); second, places characters long for, remember or dream of (projected places); third, places they move through (routes); and finally places that are only mentioned by the author, having a marginal meaning for the character (marker). Visualisation methods for all four categories in consideration of several specific properties are suggested and implemented into a specially developed web map service to allow automatic map generation.
In addition to information that can be interactively requested in the map application, symbols were introduced to visually differentiate between subcategories of projected places without having to forgo current map information. Further efforts were made to enhance the automated map visualisation by applying spatial deformation to better utilise the map space. This was realised through density calculation combined with cartogram algorithms.
This cumulated thesis is based on four scientific publications and framed by an introductory and a concluding section. The included articles are structured in three chapters. Chapter 3 covers the data model and acquisition, Chapter 4 addresses the data characterisation and uncertainty visualisation and finally in Chapter 5 two articles focus on extending visualisation approaches.
With the data acquisition and visualisation tools developed within this dissertation project, literary scholars focussing on literary geography can now create automatically visualised literary maps of improved quality. By formalising spatial concepts of literary geography within a data model, the scholar’s requirements are transferred into digital tools. It is hoped that such tools promote the usage of literary maps by facilitating their creation in digital form.
In any case, the formalisation contributes to the development of an overarching theory for an advanced cartographic approach in literary geography. This results not only in possibilities to look at literature from another point of view, but moreover it promotes to ask new questions and facilitates to find an answer for them. Finally, this cartographic tool reveals invisible cultural layers of landscapes. In addition to the visible reality, it is the invisible cultural influence that has a lasting impact to a region. Such influences are increasingly encouraged by the UNESCO and defined by the term “associative landscapes.Numéro de notice : 17205 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : doctoral dissertation : Sciences : ETH Zurich : 2014 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010106067 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81186
Titre : Cartographic web services Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : I. Enescu, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2011 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 19824 Importance : 144 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web
[Termes IGN] architecture orientée services
[Termes IGN] cartographie par internet
[Termes IGN] représentation cartographique
[Termes IGN] service web géographique
[Termes IGN] standard OGC
[Termes IGN] Styled Layer Descriptor
[Termes IGN] symbology encoding
[Termes IGN] Web Map ServiceRésumé : (Auteur) The traditional cartographic workflow is highly dependent on manual or semiautomatic data selection and symbolization. In an era where computer automation is part of our everyday life, the issue of automatically creating high quality maps from GIS content is still very challenging and time-consuming, and this in spite of the power of Web and database technologies. Moreover, many decisions must be taken on short notice based on cartographic visualizations, for instance in the field of risk management. The above considerations shape the motivation of this thesis. Inspired from the current developments in the field of Cartography and GIS, electronic atlases and map representation definitions such as CartoML, DiaML and Symbology Encoding (SE), this work introduces the generic concept of cartographic Web services as a method for Web Cartography. The thesis proposes the Cartographic Web Services (CartoWS) as a solution for automatically producing maps from geodata based on a generic and expressive map representation. The maps are obtained from GIS data as geo-referenced output images via a Web-based interface. As previously mentioned, the concept of cartographic web services relies on the map representation. This work defines a map representation adapted for the needs of cartography. The map representation is a formal description of the map that coordinates all aspects of transforming the GIS data into the map image, including geographical bounds, scale selection and, most important, the symbolization. It is based on the OGC standards Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) and Symbology Encoding (SE). Generic symbols, diagrams, filtering or masking rules are also defined to be compatible with current OGC standards. Moreover, the inclusion of GIS functionalities such as intersection, union and difference in the map representation process allows for a precise differentiation in the symbolization of features, that otherwise would be possible only by preprocessing the data. The generic concept of CartoWS is specified by the Map and Diagram Service Interface (MDSI). Making use of specific computer science knowledge, such as Web services and their mechanism, concepts and properties, it is specified the interface that details the operations of CartoWS. The definition of the MDSI follows and enhances the Web Map Service (WMS) standard. The QGIS map server is the software implementation of the MDSI. Furthermore, the QGIS map server demonstrates the utility of CartoWS by proof-of-concept applications. The proposed Cartographic Web Services offer functionalities that support the development of cartographic applications on the Web. A Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), like the one recommended for the CartoWS usage, is the basis for many competitive internet-ready applications, specifically for the creation of dynamic Web resources. On the basis proposed in this thesis, future research may consider a closer cooperation between Cartography and GIS, especially regarding the development of Web-based cartographic applications and Web GIS. Note de contenu : 1 Introduction and Motivation
1.1 Personal Motivation
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Related Projects
1.4 Research Questions and Objectives
1.5 Thesis Structure
2 State of the Art
2.1 The Internet and the Web
2.2 Service Oriented Architectures and Web Services
2.3 Related Work in Web Cartography and Web GIS
2.4 Overview of Relevant Geospatial Standards
3 Towards a Map Representation
3.1 The Map Representation
3.2 Existing Map Description Languages
3.3 Analysis of Map Representations
4 A Standardsbased Map Representation for Cartography
4.1 Considerations on a Map Representation
4.2 SE Foundations for a Map Representation for Cartography
4.3 Descriptive Geometry Processing for Cartographic Purposes
4.4 Symbology definitions in the Map Representation
4.5 Map Representation for Thematic Data
4.6 Map Representation for Raster Data
5 Cartographic Web Services
5.1 The Concept of Cartographic Web Services
5.2 Formal Specification of Cartographic Web Services
6 ProofofConcept Software Implementation
6.1 The Software Implementation of CartoWS Specifications
6.2 Basic Usage of the Software Implementation
6.3 Software Foundations for the Development of Cartographic Applications
7 ProofofConcept Applications
7.1 UptoDate and Interactive Maps
7.2 Expressive and Reusable Map Representations
7.3 Flexible and Interactive Cartographic Applications
8 Additional Research
8.1 Towards Generic SemiAutomatic Symbolization
8.2 Towards Object-Oriented Symbology in GIS Data
9 Conclusions and Outlook
9.1 Synopsis of Results
9.2 Conclusions
9.3 OutlookNuméro de notice : 14641 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62675 Documents numériques
en open access
14641_dissertationeth-4541-02_enescu.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Model-driven tools to support conceptual geospatial modelling Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : J. Althoff, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2011 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 19918 Importance : 193 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique
[Termes IGN] architecture orientée modèle
[Termes IGN] GML
[Termes IGN] INTERLIS
[Termes IGN] langage de modélisation
[Termes IGN] MADS
[Termes IGN] métamodèle
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] UMLRésumé : (Auteur) The raising importance and fast development of national and international Spatial Data Infrastructures originate a need for harmonised geo data of different sources. Spatial datasets should not only be found, presented and processed via geo portals, but different information should also be capable of being integrated. Beyond pure technical and geometric issues like file formats, spatial resolutions or reference systems, this also includes informational aspects as data structures and semantic aspects. A precondition for a tight integration of spatial data from different sources is precise definition of the used or targeted datasets. Such definition processes currently take place in the 'INSPIRE data specifiations' or the Swiss efforts to create 'minimum data models' according to the Swiss federal act on geoinformation. In those initiatives groups of experts discuss about common information elements, how those elements are characterised in detail and relate to each other. The resulting data description is formalised in so called 'conceptual data models', which should be as independent of data formats, database systems or general computational aspects as possible. Data models in the field of spatial information are characterised by specific aspects that are not common in other domains. Those are especially location with reference systems, different kinds of 2d or 3d geometries or measurements with units and value ranges. With common 'general purpose' modelling approaches like UML it is difficult to represent those aspects in a sufficient and user friendly way. Consequently, in recent years several specialised approaches were developed to support the creation of spatial models. There are extensions to UML, like GeoUML or the ISO/TC-211 standards, as well as independent languages like INTERLIS or MADS. Drawbacks of all specialisations are mainly a lack of suitable tools for modelling, limitations in scope or adaptability and poor interoperability between different approaches. Such issues are addressed by new trends in the field of model driven software developments. After monolithic and inflexible approaches, new 'language-centric' methods evolve to support the adaptability of modelling languages, the creation of suitable tools and transformations between different types of models. A core technology for this is 'meta modelling' and describes the formal definition of modelling languages with standardised elements. Meta models of modelling languages, which is used to efficiently generate software tools like graphical or textual editors, model validators or model transformations. This approach is highly efficient and not only used for existing languages, but also induced the creation of highly specialised 'small' (or 'domain-specific') languages, which are tightly adjusted to a field of work, a specific task or a user group. This thesis explores to what extend those ideas of model driven software development can be applied to conceptual spatial data modelling. This could help to simplify modelling for domains expert by providing them suitable languages and graphical editors, enhance model quality with model validators and offer new ways of interoperability between different modelling languages. Firstly it will be tested, if a common meta modelling approaches of software development can be used to sufficiently describe languages for conceptual spatial modelling. This is carried out for existing conceptual geospatial languages with Ecore, the most commonly used meta modelling approach. As result, the different languages can be represented on a common definition base. Additionally to already existing modelling languages, the idea of 'domain specific languages' is taken up to develop an exemplary modelling language 'HML' for the HUMBOLDT project1. According tools like a graphical model editor and a validating parser are created in a highly automated way for this language. Based on the developed meta models, transformations between different conceptual spatial modelling approaches are investigated in a second step. A language-to-language mapping between the domain specific approach of HML and ISO/TC-211 compliant UML is declared and executed. Such transformations between specialised languages and general purpose languages are of particular interest, because they offer ways of optimising modelling processes while staying interoperable to existing models and tools. Finally vertical transformations, the possibility to create logical or physical models from the conceptual models, are addressed. Similar to the horizontal language-to-language transformations, standard tools from software development are used to derive GML Schema and textual model documentation. All in all, this work proves along practical implementations how language based technologies of modern model driven software development can support conceptual spatial modelling. Especially the combination of 'domain-specific' modelling languages with according software tools and horizontal language-to-language tools offers possibilities to simplify modelling processes, increases model quality and opens a new field of interoperability between different conceptual modelling languages. Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation and Current Situation
1.2 Hypothesis
1.3 Structure of the Thesis
1.4 Summary
2 State of the Art
2.1 Modelling and Models
2.2 Conceptual Modelling Languages
2.3 Model Transformation
2.4 Model-Driven Software Development
2.5 Summary
3 Concepts
3.1 Problem Field
3.2 Working Thesis
3.3 Meta Models
3.4 Horizontal Transformations
3.5 Vertical Transformations
3.6 Summary
4 Implementation
4.1 Used Technology
4.2 Domain Specific Language & Graphical Editor
4.3 Language-to-Language Transformations
4.4 Realisation of Vertical Transformations
4.5 Summary
5 Summary of the Results
6 Discussion
6.1 Definition of Domain Specific Languages
6.2 Tools
6.3 Horizontal Language-to-Language Transformations
6.4 OutlookNuméro de notice : 14643 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62676 Documents numériques
en open access
14643_dissertationeth-4746-02_althoff.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF ETH e-collection institutional repository / Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH (Zurich) (2008)
Titre : ETH e-collection institutional repository Type de document : Site web Auteurs : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH (Zurich), Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2008 Langues : Allemand (ger) Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralités
[Termes IGN] édition en libre accèsNuméro de notice : 14841 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/IMAGERIE/POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Site internet En ligne : http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/ Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75462 Novel drawing algorithms and application of texture mapping for 2D cartographic line symbolization / Fei He (2008)PermalinkPermalinkVerschiedene Aspekte und Projektionen für Weltkarten / C. Brandenberger (1996)PermalinkModellhafte Arbeitsabläufe zur digitalen Erstellung von topographischen und geologischen Karten und dreidimensionalen Visualisierungen / Lorenz Hurni (1995)PermalinkNumérisation de plans / Alessandro Carosio (1991)PermalinkTransfert de données, Journée d'étude du 5 septembre 1991 / Alessandro Carosio (1991)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkAutomated fast shape determination of diffuse reflecting objects at close-range by means of structured light / R. Zumbrunn (02/06/1987)PermalinkA fast algorithm for local matching of patterns in images / D. Vollmerhaus (02/06/1987)PermalinkGeometrically constrained multiphoto matching / A. Given (02/06/1987)PermalinkImplementation aspects of facets stereo-vision with some applications / Bernhard P. Wrobel (02/06/1987)PermalinkInteractive updating of a digital terrain model / F. Steidler (02/06/1987)PermalinkProblems in digital image acquisition with CCD cameras / J. Dahler (02/06/1987)PermalinkSome aspects of the geometric calibration of CCD-cameras / Horst A. Beyer (02/06/1987)PermalinkThe use of givens transformation in on-line phototriangulation / A. Runge (02/06/1987)PermalinkProceedings Intercommission conference on fast processing of photogrammetric data / International society for photogrammetry and remote sensing (1980 -) (1987)PermalinkAspekte der graphischen Gestaltung komplexer Wirtschaftskarten in Schulatlanten / L. Brodersen (1986)PermalinkZum Einsatz automatisch registrierender Tachymeter in der schweizerischen Parzellarvermessung / P. Kasper (1981)PermalinkNumerische Untersuchungen zur photogrammetrischen Blocktriangulation nach der Bundelmethode / A. Schenk (1972)Permalink