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Einfluss von Bildkompressionsverfahren auf die Qualität der digitalen Punktübertragung / Michael Kiefner (2001)
Titre : Einfluss von Bildkompressionsverfahren auf die Qualität der digitalen Punktübertragung Titre original : [Influence des procédés de compression d'images sur la qualité de la diffusion des points numériques] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Michael Kiefner, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2001 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 531 Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9570-0 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes IGN] compression d'image
[Termes IGN] qualité
[Termes IGN] vectorisationIndex. décimale : 33.30 Photogrammétrie numérique Numéro de notice : 68852 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de/dokumente/Dissertationen/Diss_Kiefner.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62025 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 68852-01 33.30 Livre Centre de documentation Photogrammétrie - Lasergrammétrie Disponible Genauigkeitsuntersuchungen zur GPS/INS-Integration in der Aerophotogrammetrie / Michael Cramer (2001)
Titre : Genauigkeitsuntersuchungen zur GPS/INS-Integration in der Aerophotogrammetrie Titre original : [Recherches de l'exactitude pour l'intégration GPS/INS en photogrammétrie aérienne] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Michael Cramer, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2001 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 537 Importance : 120 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9576-2 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes IGN] aérotriangulation
[Termes IGN] centrale inertielle
[Termes IGN] élément d'orientation externe
[Termes IGN] étalonnage de chambre métrique
[Termes IGN] filtre de Kalman
[Termes IGN] géoréférencement direct
[Termes IGN] GPS-INS
[Termes IGN] image aérienne
[Termes IGN] orientation du capteur
[Termes IGN] orientation externe
[Termes IGN] point de vérification
[Termes IGN] précision de localisation
[Termes IGN] prise de vue aérienne
[Termes IGN] recouvrement d'imagesIndex. décimale : 33.30 Photogrammétrie numérique Résumé : (Auteur) Within this thesis different approaches for the direct measurement of exterior orientation elements of airborne sensors using integrated GPS/INS modules are investigated. The main focus is laid on the analysis of the accuracy potential of a commercially available integrated GPS/INS module using the "standard" approach for direct georeferencing : the integration of continuously recorded GPS and INS data in a Kalman filter approach. This method, originally developed for navigation purposes, is compared to a more straightforward strip-wise approach, which allows, in combination with an imaging sensor, the direct orientation determination even for short time intervals and data segments during photogrammetric strips. Beforehand, the basic principles of GPS/INS integration and the different system-characteristics of GPS and INS are summarized.
The two different approaches for GPS/INS integration mentioned before are investigated on their accuracy performance. For the accuracy analysis the GPS/INS module was combined with a standard analogue aerial camera and flown over a well controlled photogrammetric test site. Utilizing the standard approach of indirect image orientation applying the method of aerial triangulation independent exterior orientations for the discrete camera air stations are obtained and can be used for the estimation of the accuracy potential from GPS/INS. For tile tested commercial GPS/INS module the obtained quality of directly measured orientation elements in an operational airborne environment was about ~10cm for the positioning and ~15” for the attitude. Using the GPS/INS exterior orientations for direct georeferencing without ground control an accuracy of about 8-11µm and 15-23µm in image space is obtained for horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Transferring the accuracy on medium scale photo flight from an altitude of about 2000m above ground, object points are determined with an accuracy of 10-20cm for the horizontal and 20-30cm for the vertical coordinates. This accuracy even holds for the photogrammetrically problematic case of single flight lines. The use of stronger image overlap is of positive influence on the quality of object point determination. Using the second approach of strip-wise GPS/INS evaluation in a combined AT approach similar accuracy is obtained from the same data set. Therefore, this approach offers an alternative orientation method for imaging sensors in case of non-continuously recorded INS data.
The accuracy potential of GPS/INS integration is dependent on the quality of the used sensors and the quality of the GPS update information. The influence of the remaining errors in GPS/INS positions and attitudes on the object point determination is related on the actual flying height. For large scale imagery recorded from lower altitudes positioning errors are of major influence, whereas for higher altitudes remaining attitude errors are the main part of the error budget. Additionally, the overall system quality including the GPS/INS orientation components and the imaging sensor is strongly dependent on the correct overall system calibration. Within this context system calibration is not only restricted on the correct determination of the time and spatial eccentricities between the different sensor components but the calibration of the imaging sensor itself is of major importance. Since there is no possibility of subsequent self-calibration in direct georeferencing, every difference between the assumed mathematical model and the true physical environment during data recording will cause errors in object space. Within the analyzed data set scale dependent errors in the vertical coordinate are present. which could be modelled by slightly modifying the camera focal length used for data evaluation.
The obtained empirical accuracy is of major interest for the subsequent operational use of direct georeferencing in a standard photogrammetric environment. Due to this, the GPS/INS orientation accuracy is calculated using different baseline lengths between aircraft and reference station and varying image overlap and block geometry. Additionally, the influence of interpolation errors on varying data rates used for GPS/INS trajectory computations is estimated. Against the background of direct georeferencing using GPS/INS in photogrammetric practice - without ground control in the ideal case - the overall system requirements are discussed. In the final part of this thesis the possible future use of direct GPS/INS orientation measurements in photogrammetric practice is pointed out.Numéro de notice : 27826 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de/dokumente/Dissertationen/Cramer_Diss.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=56450 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 27826-02 33.30 Livre Centre de documentation Photogrammétrie - Lasergrammétrie Disponible 27826-01 33.30 Livre Centre de documentation Photogrammétrie - Lasergrammétrie Disponible Integrierte Modelle zur physikalischen Interpretation geodätischer Deformationsuntersuchungen / I. Milev (2001)
Titre : Integrierte Modelle zur physikalischen Interpretation geodätischer Deformationsuntersuchungen Titre original : [Modèles intégrés pour l'interprétation physique des études géodésiques de déformation] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : I. Milev, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2001 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 540 Importance : 105 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 3-7696-9579-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] filtre de Kalman
[Termes IGN] méthode des moindres carrés
[Termes IGN] modèle de déformation tectonique
[Termes IGN] transformation de Fourier
[Termes IGN] transformation de LaplaceIndex. décimale : 30.00 Géodésie - généralités Résumé : (Auteur) The presented integrated model for interpretation of measured displacements includes geodetic and mechanic relationships. This general relationship between the variation principle of mechanics and the general case of the least square adjustment will be delivered, and the geodetic calculation methods applied for use of variation objectives. This covers the Lagrange function with multipliers and presents an extended model for the potential. The complex deformation model based on the extended dynamical Hamilton's principle will be established and recommended as integrated solution. Numéro de notice : 13064 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54864 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13064-01 30.00 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Leistungsfähigkeit fahrzeugautonomer Ortungsverfahren auf der Basis von Map-Matching-Techniken / R. Czommer (2001)
Titre : Leistungsfähigkeit fahrzeugautonomer Ortungsverfahren auf der Basis von Map-Matching-Techniken Titre original : [Capacité de réalisation de procédé de détection d'un véhicule autonome sur la base des techniques de "map-matching"] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : R. Czommer, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2001 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 535 Importance : 145 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9574-8 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement
[Termes IGN] correction
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] géonavigateur
[Termes IGN] GPS assisté pour la navigation (technologies)
[Termes IGN] GPS en mode différentiel
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] navigation automobile
[Termes IGN] odomètre
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] véhicule automobileIndex. décimale : 30.70 Navigation et positionnement Résumé : (Auteur) Autonomous car navigation systems with on-board positioning sensors and CD-road network require a road accurate positioning relatively to the road network for optimal route planning, for route guidance and for generating driving recommendations. Positioning effected in a certain reference system and its accuracy are not decisive but represent the logical location of the vehicle relatively to the digital map. This task is called map matching.
Modern car navigation systems use for positioning multi-sensor-systems (differential odometers, gyros, magnetic field sensors) in combination with GPS or DGPS. Little availability of satellite methods due to masking and second way effects in urban areas (85% of mobility activities in road traffic occur in urban areas), magnetic disturbances, wheel slips and unfavourable error propagation of dead reckoning lead again and again to loss of position and in principle to total system failures. This can be avoided by map matching which compensates the sensor typical error behaviour of positioning sensors. The systematic error behaviour was examined theoretically for the positioning sensors odometer (wheel sensors, i.e. ABS-sensors), magnetic field sensors, gyros, accelerometers, GPS, and DGPS. Based on these error models five map matching methods with different degrees of freedom were developed, estimated correspondingly to the various ways of presentation of plain curves in curvature pattern, in angular pattern, or with two-dimensional cartesian coordinates.
For orientation or curvature map matching the distance frives (ruve length) and the values of orientation (direction angle or curvatures) are derived from these measurements. This measured function over the curve length is fitted to the corresponding function of the map by estimating one offset and one scale factor in a least square adjustment between the two functions and the two curve lengths.
In case of coordinate procedures the driven distance is divided into line elements of constant length and compared with the line elements of the digital map. For matching onto the digital road network, three approximating transformation translations, plain similarity transformation and affinity transformation are studied. The sensivity of these five methods concerning systematic sensor errors is examined by a precise analysis by means of simulated observations for the sensor systems gyro with odometer and gyro with accelerometers.
Scale factors and bias of gyros can be compensated by curvature matching without any calibration of these errors. Accelerometer errors gradually lead to squared increasing errors regarding the measured distance, and cannot be matched without error compensation to any method on the map.
Based on real observations with GPS, DGPS, wheel sensors, and a strap down inertial system being investigated during test trips under normal traffic conditions the map matching procedures could be tested for various combinations of these sensors. The accuracies reached and the reliability of track identification of the exact track out of various alternative tracks being especially important for vehicle navigation, were analysed and valued.
In urban areas pure GPS measurements are often useless, as every change in satellite constellations leads to disturbances of the vehicle position which cannot be compensated by one of the methods.
DGPS needs a support by wheel sensors to bridge masking effects and to moderate drift effects during extremely slow motion. Measurements by sensor combinations such as gyro with wheel sensors, differential odometer, GPS with differential odometer, DGPS with differential odometer and pure DGPS (without long masking times) can be matched onto the map with all methods (besides translation), if at least two turns are contained within the data material.
The precision of the map matching process to the coordinate pattern decreases with growing distance. The orientation and curvature matching compensate systematic sensor errors considerably better and increase accuracy with growing distance.
The limits of positioning systems and map matching techniques are shown in problematic cases such as masking of the satellite signals, little curving of the track, track identification in nearly parallel alternative tracks.
Autonomous navigation systems based on odometers and gyros reach, by map matching onto the road net, more favourable positioning results at an accuracy of 70cm than pure DGPS measurements so that in urban areas a reliable map matching without DGPS is possible. The integration of DGPS does not show a considerable increase in accuracy, nevertheless the integrity of hybrid systems is increased.Numéro de notice : 68943 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62060 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 68943-01 30.70 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible 68943-02 30.70 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible A low cost documentation and retrieval system of distributed data sets for a historical town in Brazil / L.E. Renuncio (2001)
Titre : A low cost documentation and retrieval system of distributed data sets for a historical town in Brazil Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : L.E. Renuncio, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2001 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 542 Importance : 91 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9581-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] base de données répartie
[Termes IGN] Brésil
[Termes IGN] coût
[Termes IGN] croissance urbaine
[Termes IGN] internet
[Termes IGN] Java (langage de programmation)
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D de l'espace urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] modèle logique de données
[Termes IGN] planification urbaine
[Termes IGN] réalité virtuelle
[Termes IGN] Servlet
[Termes IGN] site historique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] UML
[Termes IGN] ville
[Termes IGN] visualisation 3D
[Termes IGN] VRMLRésumé : (Auteur) This work introduces a low-cost approach to the documentation of large historic urban ensembles and their integration into the urban planning context. In addition, the work introduces low-cost alternatives for multimedia data visualisation, query and distribution, enabling the user to interact with a dynamic, virtual representation of the historic urban scenario. To realise the low-cost component, a methodology has been introduced which makes use of novel, state-of-the-art technology, as well as familiar industry standards for business modelling, data acquisition, storage and access. The Internet and Web-based technologies were used as the communication channel and tools respectively. They supplied the necessary foundations for accessing a system of co-operative, heterogeneous, multiple-platform, distributed databases. The core of an object-oriented Land Information System (LIS) based on cadastre was approached. The cadastre, a parcel-based IS, contains the basic graphic and descriptive data used to support most public administration activities. It was used in this project as a basic framework, over which other IS are built, and through which IS can communicate with each other, exchanging valuable information, rationalising their costs for data acquisition and acquiring knowledge used in their respective decision-making processes. An actual urban planning demand was analysed and modelled. Land tenure, building permits and directives of the municipal administration for the use of the soil have been represented by the Complementary Law of Urban Control (LCCU). This mechanism provides the urban planner with means of controlling city development and growth. The integration of the LCCU with IPHAN's Real State Inventory of the Protected Urban Site of Laguna throughout the development of a common data model, was a key issue for including the built heritage in the planning activities of the municipality. This assures that preservation areas, which are subject to special national, state and municipal laws, will be considered in the overall development policies of the city. The multipurpose information system introduced here is scaleable, and can therefore be extended to provide functionalities within other spheres of urban data management. Geographic information systems that act within the urban context can be applied to the cadastre as well, and make use of the 31) information system presented here for complex data visualisation and simulation (e.g. electricity suppliers ... ). Concerning the design and implementation of a multipurpose, cross-platform application to grant remote and local users access to a set of heterogeneous, distributed data-sets, a rich set of new standards, open sources and low-cost tools were synergistically combined:
Web-based tools and standard protocols: 1ITTP(TCP/X), URL, HTML, VRML, Client and Server extension mechanisms (Java Applets, Server-Side Includes, Java Servlets);
Distributed Object Model Architecture (Java RM1);
Object-Oriented (OOP) software development and Visual Modelling tools (UML);
Relational and Object-Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS/O-RDBMS).
The result was a 3D-IS that enables a remote user to interact with the scene in a user-friendly environment, visualise, navigate, execute scenario predictions and simulations in the historical site and query and generate custom-tailored reports.Numéro de notice : 13066 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54866 Réservation
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